Faculty Directory › University of Connecticut Health Center

Gordon G. Carmichael, Ph.D.

Professor, Genetics and Developmental Biology

Academic Office Location: Genetics & Developmental Biology University of Connecticut Health Center 263 Farmington Avenue Farmington, CT 06030-3301
Phone:	860-679-2259
Fax:	860-679-8345
Email:	carmichael@nso2.uchc.edu
Website(s):	Cell Biology Graduate Program Genetics & Developmental Biology Graduate Program Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Graduate Program

Education & Training
Research
Lab Rotations
Publications

Education

Degree	Institution	Major
Ph.D.	Harvard University	Biophysics
B.S.	Duke University	Physics

Degree

Institution

Major

Ph.D.

Harvard University

Biophysics

B.S.

Duke University

Physics

Post-Graduate Training

Training	Institution	Specialty
Post Doctoral	Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research	Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Virology, Laboratory of Dr. Bernhard Hirt
Fellowship	Harvard Medical School	Research Fellow in Pathology
Post Doctoral	Established Investigator of the American Heart Association	Postdoctoral Fellow of The Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research

Training

Institution

Specialty

Post Doctoral

Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research

Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Virology, Laboratory of Dr. Bernhard Hirt

Fellowship

Harvard Medical School

Research Fellow in Pathology

Post Doctoral

Established Investigator of the American Heart Association

Postdoctoral Fellow of The Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research

Awards

Name of Award/Honor	Awarding Organization
Faculty of 1000	University of Connecticut Health Center
Osborn Biomedical Science Graduate Teaching Award Recipient	Graduate Student Organization

Name of Award/Honor

Awarding Organization

Faculty of 1000

University of Connecticut Health Center

Osborn Biomedical Science Graduate Teaching Award Recipient

Graduate Student Organization

The primary interests of my group are the molecular signals which control the expression and function of mRNA molecules. We study RNA polymerase II promoters and the mechanisms of splicing, polyadenylation and RNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A recent area of interest has been the mechanism of action of naturally-occurring antisense RNA regulation in mammalian cells. Our preferred model system is the mouse polyoma virus, but we are also using other systems, including histone genes, the HIV-1 virus and yeast.

Accepting Lab Rotation Students: Summer '13, Fall '13

We study the consequences of double strand RNA in cells, especially with regard to what happens in the nucleus. Our work includes studies on RNA editing, the nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA molecules, and mechanisms by which dsRNAs can lead to gene silencing. Rotation projects would most likely involve molecular studies on proteins we have identified that play important roles in dsRNA metabolism.

Journal Articles

Long Noncoding RNAs with snoRNA Ends
Q-F. Yin, L. Yang, Y. Zhang, J-F. Xiang, Y-W. Wu, G.G. Carmichael and L-L. Chen (2012) Mol Cell 2 (48) 219-230
Nuclear Editing of mRNA 3'-UTRs
Chen L.L., Carmichael G.G. (2012) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (353) 111-21
Genomewide characterization of non-polyadenylated RNAs
Yang L., Duff M.O., Graveley B.R., Carmichael G.G., Chen L.L. (2011) Genome Biol 2 (12) R16
Genome-wide studies reveal that lin28 enhances the translation of genes important for growth and survival of human embryonic stem cells
Peng S, Chen LL, Lei XX, Yang L, Lin H, Carmichael GG, Huang Y. (2011) Stem Cells 3 (29) 496-504
Decoding the function of nuclear long non-coding RNAs
Chen LL, Carmichael GG (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol 3 (22) 357-64
Long noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells: what, where, and why?
Chen LL, Carmichael GG (2010) Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 1 (1) 2-21
Molecular basis for an attenuated cytoplasmic dsRNA response in human embryonic stem cells
Chen LL, Yang L, Carmichael GG (2010) Cell Cycle 17 (9) 3552-64
Altered Nuclear Retention of mRNAs Containing Inverted Repeats in Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Functional Role of a Nuclear Noncoding RNA
Chen L.-L., Carmichael G.G. (2009) Molecular Cell 4 (35) 467-478
Gene regulation by sense-antisense overlap of polyadenylation signals
Gu R., Zhang Z., Decerbo J.N., Carmichael G.G. (2009) RNA 6 (15) 1154-1163
RNA processing in the polyoma virus life cycle
Y. Huang and G.G. Carmichael (2009) Front Biosci (14) 4968-4977
Alu element-mediated gene silencing
Chen LL, DeCerbo JN, Carmichael GG (2008) EMBO J 12 (27) 1694-705
Gene regulation by SINES and inosines: biological consequences of A-to-I editing of Alu element inverted repeats.
Chen LL, Carmichael GG (2008) Cell Cycle 21 (7) 3294-301
On the mechanism of induction of heterochromatin by the RNA-binding protein vigilin
Zhou J, Wang Q, Chen LL, Carmichael GG (2008) RNA 9 (14) 1773-81
ADAR editing wobbles the microRNA world
Das A.K., Carmichael G.G. (2007) ACS Chemical Biology 4 (2) 217-220
Evidence for variation in abundance of antisense transcripts between multicellular animals but no relationship between antisense transcription and organismic complexity
Sun M., Hurst L.D., Carmichael G.G., Chen J. (2006) Genome Research 7 (16) 922-933
Evidence for a preferential targeting of 3′-UTRs by cis-encoded natural antisense transcripts
Sun M., Hurst L.D., Carmichael G.G., Chen J. (2005) Nucleic Acids Research 17 (33) 5533-5543
Vigilins bind to promiscuously A-to-I-edited RNAs and are involved in the formation of heterochromatin
Wang Q., Zhang Z., Blackwell K., Carmichael G.G. (2005) Current Biology 4 (15) 384-391
Methods for the analysis of adenosine-to-inosine editing in RNA
Z. Zhang and G.G. Carmichael (2004) Methods Mol Biol (257) 75-84
The fate of dsRNA in the Nucleus: A p54nrb-containing complex mediates the nuclear retention of promiscuously A-to-I edited RNAs
Zhang Z., Carmichael G.G. (2001) Cell 4 (106) 465-475
Functional interaction between RAFT1/FRAP/mTOR and protein kinase Cδ in the regulation of cap-dependent initiation of translation
Kumar V., Pandey P., Sabatini D., Kumar M., Majumder P.K., Bharti A., Carmichael G., Kufe D., Kharbanda S. (2000) EMBO Journal 5 (19) 1087-1097
Regulation of the rapamycin and FKBP-target 1/mammalian target of rapamycin and cap-dependent initiation of translation by the c-Abl protein- tyrosine kinase
Kumar V., Sabatini D., Pandey P., Gingras A.-C., Majumder P.K., Kumar M., Yuan Z.-M., Carmichael G., Weichselbaum R., Sonenberg N., Kufe D., Kharbanda S. (2000) Journal of Biological Chemistry 15 (275) 10779-10787
The fate of double-stranded RNA in the nucleus: Antisense regulation in polyoma virus infected cells
Carmichael, G. G., Kumar, M., and Zhang, Z (2000) Blood Cells, Molec. Dis (26) 57-58
Intronless mRNA transport elements may affect multiple steps of pre-mRNA processing
Huang Y., Wimler K.M., Carmichael G.G. (1999) EMBO Journal 6 (18) 1642-1652
An improved rapid method of isolating RNA from cultured cells.
Batt D.B., Carmichael G.G., Liu Z. (1998) Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) (86) 15-17
Antisense RNA: Function and fate of duplex RNA in cells of higher eukaryotes
Kumar M., Carmichael G.G. (1998) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 4 (62) 1415-1434
An alternative pathway for gene regulation by Myc
Peukert K., Staller P., Schneider A., Carmichael G., Hanel F., Eilers M. (1997) EMBO Journal 18 (16) 5672-5686
Nuclear antisense RNA induces extensive adenosine modifications and nuclear retention of target transcripts
Kumar M., Carmichael G.G. (1997) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 8 (94) 3542-3547
The mouse histone H2a gene contains a small element that facilitates cytoplasmic accumulation of intronless gene transcripts and of unspliced HIV-1-related mRNAs
Huang Y., Carmichael G.G. (1997) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19 (94) 10104-10109
Transcription from plasmid expression vectors is increased up to 14-fold when plasmids are transfected as concatemers
Leahy P., Carmichael G.G., Rossomando E.F. (1997) Nucleic Acids Research 2 (25) 449-450
A suboptimal 5' splice site is a cis-acting determinant of nuclear export of polyomavirus late mRNAs
Huang Y., Carmichael G.G. (1996) Molecular and Cellular Biology 11 (16) 6046-6054
Novel biotinylated plasmid expression vectors retain biological function and can bind streptavidin
Leahy P., Carmichael G.G., Rossomando E.F. (1996) Bioconjugate Chemistry 5 (7) 545-551
Role of polyadenylation in nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA
Huang Y., Carmichael G.G. (1996) Molecular and Cellular Biology 4 (16) 1534-1542
Characterization of the polyomavirus late polyadenylation signal
Batt D.B., Carmichael G.G. (1995) Molecular and Cellular Biology 9 (15) 4783-4790
Effects of ethanol concentration and incubation period at 65°C on CAT activity in mammalian cell extracts
Leahy P., Carmichael G.G., Rossomando E.F. (1995) BioTechniques 6 (19) 894-898
The sequence and context of the 5' splice site govern the nuclear stability of polyoma virus late RNAs
Barrett N.L., Li X., Carmichael G.G. (1995) Nucleic Acids Research 23 (23) 4812-4817
An improved rapid method of isolating RNA from cultured cells by SDS-acid phenol/chloroform extraction
Liu Z., Batt D.B., Carmichael G.G. (1994) BioTechniques 1 (16) 56-57
Nuclear antisense RNA - An efficient new method to inhibit gene expression
Liu Z., Carmichael G.G. (1994) Molecular Biotechnology 2 (2) 107-118
Polyadenylation and transcription termination in gene constructs containing multiple tandem polyadenylation signals
Batt D.B., Luo Y., Carmichael G.G. (1994) Nucleic Acids Research 14 (22) 2811-2816
Splice site selection in polyomavirus late pre-mRNA processing
Batt D.B., Rapp L.M., Carmichael G.G. (1994) Journal of Virology 3 (68) 1797-1804
Targeted nuclear antisense RNA mimics natural antisense-induced degradation of polyoma virus early RNA
Liu Z., Batt D.B., Carmichael G.G. (1994) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 10 (91) 4258-4262
Polyoma virus early-late switch: Regulation of late RNA accumulation by DNA replication
Liu Z., Carmichael G.G. (1993) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 18 (90) 8494-8498
Simple, inexpensive preparation of T1/T2 ribonuclease suitable for use in RNase protection experiments
Lichtler, A., Barrett, N. L., Carmichael, G. G. (1992) Biotechniques 2 (12) 231-2
Splice site choice in a complex transcription unit containing multiple inefficient polyadenylation signals
Luo Y., Carmichael G.G. (1991) Molecular and Cellular Biology 10 (11) 5291-5300
Splice site requirement for the efficient accumulation of polyoma virus late mRNAs
Barrett N.L., Carmichael G.G., Luo Y. (1991) Nucleic Acids Research 11 (19) 3011-3017
Splice site skipping in polyomavirus late pre-mRNA processing
Luo Y., Carmichael G.G. (1991) Journal of Virology 12 (65) 6637-6644
Enhancer and promoter elements from simian virus 40 and polyomavirus can substitute for an upstream activation sequence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Axelrod N.J., Carmichael G.G., Farabaugh P.J. (1990) Molecular and Cellular Biology 3 (10) 947-957
Polyomavirus late pre-mRNA processing: DNA replication-associated changes in leader exon multiplicity suggest a role for leader-to-leader splicing in the early-late switch
Hyde-Deruyscher R.P., Carmichael G.G. (1990) Journal of Virology 12 (64) 5823-5832
Replication-dependent transactivation of the polyomavirus late promoter
Cahill K.B., Roome A.J., Carmichael G.G. (1990) Journal of Virology 3 (64) 992-1001
Deletion analysis of the polyomavirus late promoter: Evidence for both positive and negative elements in the absence of early proteins
Cahill K.B., Carmichael G.G. (1989) Journal of Virology 9 (63) 3634-3642
Leader-to-leader splicing is required for efficient production and accumulation of polyomavirus late mRNAs
Adami G.R., Marlor C.W., Barrett N.L., Carmichael G.G. (1989) Journal of Virology 1 (63) 85-93
Translational efficiencies of polyomavirus late mRNA molecules that differ in the sequences of their 5' noncoding late leader exons
Rhee E., Carmichael G.G. (1989) Journal of Virology 1 (63) 432-435
Polyomavirus early-late switch is not regulated at the level of transcription initiation and is associated with changes in RNA processing
Hyde-DeRuyscher R., Carmichael G.G. (1988) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 23 (85) 8993-8997
Polyoma tumor induction in mice: influences of viral coding and non-coding sequences on tumor profiles
R. Freund, G. Mandel, G.G. Carmichael, J. Barncastle, C.J. Dawe and T.L. Benjamin (1987) J. Virol. 7 (61) 2232-2239
The length but not the sequence of the polyoma virus late leader exon is important for both late RNA splicing and stability
Adami R., Carmichael G. (1987) Nucleic Acids Research 6 (15) 2593-2610
A method for constructing multiple tandem repeats of specific DNA fragments
B. Cohen and G. Carmichael (1986) DNA 4 (5) 339-343
Polyomavirus late leader region serves an essential spacer function necessary for viability and late gene expression
Adami G.R., Carmichael G.G. (1986) Journal of Virology 2 (58) 417-425
Residual transforming activity of Py-1178T, a mutant lacking the principal in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation site is not affected by removal of the secondary tyrosine phosphorylation site at residue 322
B.S. Schaffhausen, T.J. Liang, G.G. Carmichael and T.L. Benjamin (1985) Virology 2 (143) 671-675
A polyoma mutant encoding small but not middle T antigen demonstrates uncoupling of cell surface and cytoskeletal changes associated with cellular transformation
T.J. Liang, G.G. Carmichael and T.L. Benjamin (1984) Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (4) 2774-2785
Transformation by polyoma virus is drastically reduced by substitution of phenylalanine for tyrosine at residue 315 of middle sized tumor antigen
Carmichael G., Schaffhausen B.S., Mandel G. (1984) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 3 I (81) 679-683
Biologic properties of viable deletion mutants of simian virus 40 (SV40) rescued from the cells of an SV40-induced hamster lymphocytic leukemia.
G. Diamondopoulos and G. Carmichael (1983) J. Natl. Canc. Inst. 6 (71) 1319-1326
Carboxy terminus of polyoma middle-sized tumor antigen is required for attachment to membranes, associated protein kinase activities, and cell transformation.
G. Carmichael, B. Schaffhausen, D. Dorsky, D. Oliver and T. Benjamin (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 11 (79) 3579-3582
Mutant carrying deletions in the two Simian Virus 40 early genes
J. Feunteun, G. Carmichael, J.C. Nicolas and M. Kress (1981) J. Virol. 3 (40) 625-634
Identification of DNA sequence changes leading to loss of transforming ability in polyoma virus
Carmichael G. G., Benjamin T. L. (1980) J Biol Chem 1 (255) 230-235
Molecular weight determinations of RNA by gel electrophoresis
G.G. Carmichael (1980) Electrophoresis 2 (1) 78-82
The analysis of nucleic acids in gels using glyoxal and acridine orange
G.G. Carmichael and G.K. McMaster (1980) Meth. Enzymol. 19 (65) 380-391
The hr-t gene of polyoma virus
Benjamin T. L., Carmichael G. G., Schaffhausen B. S. (1980) Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol (44 Pt 1) 263-70
DNA sequence alterations in Hr-t deletion mutants of polyoma virus
Hattori J., Carmichael G. G., Benjamin T. L. (1979) Cell 3 (16) 505-513
Isolation of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal protein S1 by poly (rC)-cellulose chromatography
G.G. Carmichael (1979) Meth. Enzymol. (60) 456-459
RNA replication: function and structure of Qbeta-replicase
Blumenthal T., Carmichael G. G. (1979) Annu Rev Biochem (48) 525-48
Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange
G.K. McMaster and G.G. Carmichael (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 11 (74) 4835-4838
Immunochemical analysis of the functions of the subunits of phage Qbeta ribonucleic acid replicase
Carmichael G. G., Landers T. A., Weber K. (1976) J Biol Chem 9 (251) 2744-8
Synthesis of RNA complementary of rabbit globin mRNA by Qbeta replicase
Vournakis J. N., Carmichael G. G., Efstratiadis A. (1976) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 3 (70) 774-82
Isolation of bacterial and phage proteins by homopolymer RNA-cellulose chromatography
Carmichael, G. G. (1975) J Biol Chem 15 (250) 6160-7
The host factor required for RNA phage Qβ RNA replication in vitro: Intracellular location, quantitation, and purification by polyA-cellulose chromatography
G.G. Carmichael, K. Weber, A. Niveleau and A.J. Wahba (1975) J. Biol. Chem (250) 3607-3612
Subunit I of G beta replicase and 30 S ribosomal protein S1 of Escherichia coli. Evidence for the identity of the two proteins
Wahba, A. J., Miller, M. J., Niveleau, A., Landers, T. A., Carmichael, G. G., Weber, K., Hawley, D. A., Slobin, L. I. (1974) J Biol Chem 10 (249) 3314-6

Books

Methods in Molecular Biology: RNA Silencing
G.G. Carmichael (2005) Methods in Molecular Biology: RNA Silencing

Book Chapters

Nucleocytoplasmic mRNA transport
Y. Huang and G.G. Carmichael (2001) Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation 140-155

Book Sections

A role for RNA editing in gene silencing
J. Zhou, L. Chen and G.G. Carmichael (2008) Frontiers of RNA and DNA editing 190-202
Mechanism of action of antisense RNA in eukaryotic cells
Z. Zhang and G.G. Carmichael (2003) Cancer Drug Discovery and development: Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Cancer 89-104
Polyoma virus hr-t gene products
T.L. Benjamin, B.S. Schaffhausen and G.G. Carmichael (1980) Animal Virus Genetics, ICN-UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. XVIII 295-308
Assay and partial purification of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen
D. Baron, W.C. Benz, G. Carmichael, R.R. Yocum and J.L. Strominger (1975) Epstein-Barr Virus, Production, Concentration, and Purification, IARC Internal Technical Report 257-262

Notes

Unleash the messenger
Das A.K., Carmichael G.G. (2005) Nature Cell Biology 11 (7) 1054-1055

Other

Bacterial RNA-binding proteins involved in Qβ RNA replication
G.G. Carmichael (1975) Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University

Reviews

How a small DNA virus uses dsRNA but not RNAi to regulate its life cycle.
Gu R., Zhang Z., Carmichael G.G. (2006) Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology (71) 293-299
Genome-wide analysis of coordinate expression and evolution of human cis-encoded sense-antisense transcripts
Chen J., Sun M., Hurst L.D., Carmichael G.G., Rowley J.D. (2005) Trends in Genetics 6 (21) 326-329
Human antisense genes have unusually short introns: Evidence for selection for rapid transcription
Chen J., Sun M., Hurst L.D., Carmichael G.G., Rowley J.D. (2005) Trends in Genetics 4 (21) 203-207
Retention and repression: Fates of hyperedited RNAs in the nucleus
DeCerbo J., Carmichael G.G. (2005) Current Opinion in Cell Biology 3 (17) 302-308
Effects of length and location on the cellular response to double-stranded RNA
Wang Q., Carmichael G.G. (2004) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 3 (68) 432-452
The long and short of RNA-mediated gene silencing
Carmichael G.G., Wang Q. (2004) Biologist 3 (51) 145-149
Nucleocytoplasmic mRNA transport.
Huang Y., Carmichael G.G. (2001) Results and problems in cell differentiation (34) 139-155

Short Surveys

SINEs point to abundant editing in the human genome
DeCerbo J., Carmichael G.G. (2005) Genome Biology 4 (6)
Antisense starts making more sense
Carmichael G.G. (2003) Nature Biotechnology 4 (21) 371-372
Silencing viruses with RNA
Carmichael G.G. (2002) Nature 6896 (418) 379-380
Quality control of mRNA function
Maquat L.E., Carmichael G.G. (2001) Cell 2 (104) 173-176